Intercropping and Succession Planting - Keys to Square Foot Gardening

I use raised beds for the vegetable garden instead of rows, and practice many Square Foot gardening techniques. I continue to expand the number of beds I grow in, but the best way to get more vegetables out of a small garden is by intercropping and succession planting.

Intercropping, or Interplanting is the practice of growing different kinds of vegetables together. Typically they have different growth patterns and therefore don't compete with one another. One example of this in my garden is that I plant lettuce and tomatoes together in the same bed. Tomatoes are planted 2 feet or more apart because they need two feet of space when they are mature. At time of transplant however, they only need about six inches of space. If I only planted tomatoes in that bed, there would be a lot of unused space for at least six weeks. By planting salad crops in that space I get maximum harvest from that space. The lettuce is harvested before the tomato plants require the space. I do the same thing with tomatoes and onions.

Succession planting is similar in that when you harvest something, you immediately plant something else in that spot. It can be the same thing or a different vegetable. In one bed, I plant Spring broccoli followed by Summer green beans followed again by Fall Brassicas. I also use beans in succession planting with lettuce and spinach. In my lettuce/tomato Intercropping example you don't succession plant after the lettuce because the tomatoes will be ready to use that space by then. This is the fundamental difference between Interplanting and Succession planting.

Sometimes I use a combination of both techniques as I do in my pea beds. In early spring I plant peas on the trellis and lettuce in the front. In one bed, I harvest some of the lettuce and plant bush cucumbers in their place. Later I harvest the rest of the lettuce allowing more room for the cucumbers (intercropping). I also plant vining cukes by the trellis after the peas are harvested (succession planting).

In the other pea bed, I also plant lettuce in front. I harvest the leaves over and over for my salads and they keep growing back. Eventually when the hot weather decides to stick around and the lettuce gets bitter, I remove all of the plants to the compost pile and plant bush bean seeds there. The peas remain on the trellis for several more weeks. The only caution here is that you have to chart where you put everything if you succession plant with seeds. You also have to remember to warn your kids friends not to step on the new bean seedlings while picking peas!

Perhaps the best example of using both techniques simultaneously is with the trellis in this pea bed. Right now I am enjoying the last of the peas on the trellis.

The heat is starting to take its toll on the pea vines and production is beginning to wane. A week or two before I remove the pea vines I plant pole bean plants right along side the peas. Remember the beans that I started in the soil blocks?

They are of nice size now so it is time to plant them. It looks funny planting them right in with the mature pea vines but soon the peas will be gone and the beans can take over the entire trellis. See the small bean plants tucked in amongst the peas?

Soon I will take all of the pea vines out and put them on the compost heap. That reminds me of a very important part of succession planting. When you start the next planting, be sure to add a generous supply of compost or organic fertilizer to re-energize the soil. Growing many plants in the same space uses up a lot of nutrients. That is okay if you concentrate on feeding the soil instead of the plants - another important key to organic gardening. Growing in raised beds and square foot gardening makes this easier too since you don't have to spread compost or fertilizer over a whole field.

I will post about the pea/bean transition again later to show you how the same trellis can serve multiple needs in the same season. Happy gardening!

Comments

[jenn]

I found this site that sells organic vegetable garden seeds. Whole And Natural.com. Their prices are the lowest at about 1.50 per packet.

[Tim]

Great info! We are just getting started on our raised bed garden and it is a learning experience for us. Things are going OK but we started late so some stuff didnt come up. Heat might be a factor as we live in Alabama. Love your blog!

[June 20, 2008 at 06:28 AM]

Very informative post, the SFG has really change a lot of peoples outlook on vegetable gardening. The old idea of planting long rows, spaced well apart and then have everything ready to harvest at the same time is really not that good of an idea. I very much enjoy reading your blog!
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[June 20, 2008 at 07:04 AM]

Very interesting post. I do SFG in boxes, but in my garden, SFG doesnt work so well with corn. It does work for my other vegetables, but for corn, I used the traditional methods of planting them in rows. Anyway, cool blog. I'll have to come back and visit.

[June 21, 2008 at 03:10 AM]

This is really a fantastic post.

My family has passed this knowledge down for generations, but I didn't know the name for it before. It was just taught that you planted in a certain pattern at a certain time, and to be honest I'd forgotten what I was told.

Now I think I'll be visiting my grandparents to have them explain their method to me again.

Thanks!

[June 22, 2008 at 11:05 AM]

I'm really trying to get use out of every square inch this year. I have underplanted the taller plants with spinach and lettuce and I'm just about to plant some climbing beans up my sweetcorn which is 2ft tall now.

[July 12, 2008 at 04:28 AM]

Thanks for this post. It is so informative!

[Eatlocal]

Nice article on succession planting and intercropping! I use SFG in my home garden which is 10' x 10', and use biointensive methods on the micro-farm & CSA I run since that is set up with 36" wide raised rows ranging between 20 to 40 long. Trying to plan for intercropping and successions was a little hard to figure out at first, but now I'm using an online garden & farm planner called the Fantastic Farm & Garden Calculator http://www.landshareco.org/ It can be used for biointensive, SFG, or traditional methods.